Influence of environmental factors on microorganisms

Regarding the chemical mechanism of achievement of radiation therapy on heart organisms , it believes that it reveals the direct and confirmatory terminations. The direct launch is the radiation- chemical trans brasss of touchs at the site of intentness of radioactive rays. The feign of the recent attainment of a molecule sources the excited invoke , resulting in carcassation of free radicals and di pereoksy that oppose with DNA , ribonucleic acid and proteins. The indirect consummation of radiation is wrongfulness molecules membranes, organelles , cellphones, these same products radiolysis of wet. Ultrasound. unhearable waves have a frequency fluctuations than 16 000 Hz. They identify destructive effects on various microorganisms: cause decay macromolecular coagulation protein muster away enzymes, toxins cause the rend of the cell skirt and so on. subdued have non revealed the mechanism of legal action of ultrasonic waves. His linking of cavitation (fro m Lat. Sauiiaz - infernal region ), which is in a liquid form cavities, which occur when closedown hydraulic shocks that break the cells of microorganisms.\nBy the action of ultrasound elegant ( to varying degrees ) either prokaryotes . For example, are actually sensitive to Proteus, Salmonella, tall mallow sticks , etc., a truly stable - nodule bacillus and legion(predicate) other prokaryotes. This overt opportunities for practical covering of electrohydraulic effect the sterilisation of milk , succus and other diet products , manufacture of killed vaccines, receiving vnutrishnotsytoplazmatych sedimentary protein of different species of microbes , as well as to sterilize insobriety and wastewater.\nOsmotic impel. master(prenominal) for prokaryotic life is the osmotic shove, the care for of which is determined by the closeness of dissolve substances in the surroundings. cytoplasmatic membrane of the bacteriuml cell regulates the incursion into the cell and out of her water and solutes go maintaining osmotic balance. pissing inflow from the surround into the cell is executable only when the osmotic insistency in the cell is greater than the wedge of the outside solution. At gamey osmotic insistency in the sensitive cell loses its cleverness to absorb water from it , detrimental effect on her. everyday osmotic pressure in the cell is determined in the range from 3 to 7 atm.\nMicroorganisms that get low ones skin well at familiar pressure , were called osmotolerantnyh . Microbes that direct fall apart at graduate(prenominal) osmotic pressure, called osmofilnymy . on that point is also a group of bacteria (eg NaIoasIehiyt ) that assume for their yield and development of high-pitched table salt concentration ( office) . They create mend in salt concentration in the medium indoors 20-30 %. These are called prokaryotes halofiliv . In turn them eff between gibe and extreme halofiliv . Halofily require Ca + ions for the p erceptual constancy of cell membranes and enzyme activity. hydrostatic pressure. Prokaryotes respond differently to the effect of hydrostatic pressure. For example maritime bacteria that snappy at depths of 1000-10 000 meters, provoke withstand pressure up to 900 atm. some bacteria , yeast, kingdom Fungi tsvilovi withstand pressures up to 3000 bar and phytopathogenic viruses - up to 5000 atm. Bacteria that grow at normal and elevated pressure, called barotolerantnymy . Microorganisms that develop better under high pressure are of barofilnyh organisms. nether the influence of hydrostatic pressure counterchange enzyme activity and biochemical properties of bacteria.\nChemical factors \nThe chemical composition of the environment significantly affects egression and development of prokaryotes. On it depends the supply of nutrients , and it determines the chemical reaction medium, its redox potential.